The 12 Hallmarks of Aging in Dogs, Explained
Read full insightAntioxidants for Cats
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Contents
References
Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.
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Jewell DE, Toll PW, Wedekind KJ, Zicker SC. Effect of increasing dietary antioxidants on concentrations of vitamin E and total alkenals in serum of dogs and cats. Evidence boundary: A six-week feeding study of vitamin E concentrations and serum lipid-oxidation markers in healthy cats and dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4
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Jewell DE, Motsinger LA, Paetau-Robinson I. Effect of dietary antioxidants on free radical damage in dogs and cats. Evidence boundary: An 84-day study of enriched complete foods and antioxidant/DNA measurements in healthy cats and dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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O'Brien T, Thomas DG, Morel PC, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ. Moderate dietary supplementation with vitamin E enhances lymphocyte functionality in the adult cat. Evidence boundary: A 28-day adult-cat feeding study measuring immune-cell responses to vitamin E and selenium combinations.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Ruparell A, Alexander JE, Eyre R, Carvell-Miller L, Leung YB, Evans SJM, Holcombe LJ, Heer M, Watson P. Glycine supplementation can partially restore oxidative stress-associated glutathione deficiency in ageing cats. Evidence boundary: Feline research on age, glutathione and a 12-week glycine-enriched complete-food intervention.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Krofič Žel Martina; Tavčar Kalcher Gabrijela; Vovk Tomaž; Žegura Bojana; Lusa Lara; Tozon Nataša; Nemec Svete Alenka. Supplementation of vitamin E as an addition to a commercial renal diet does not prolong survival of cats with chronic kidney disease. Evidence boundary: A clinical trial of added vitamin E alongside renal food and standard care in cats with chronic kidney disease.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Carpenter MM, Hovda LR. Alpha lipoic acid toxicosis in cats (2008-2016): Four cases. Evidence boundary: Four clinical cases of alpha-lipoic-acid ingestion and toxicosis in cats.↩
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Addabbo F, Montagnani M, Goligorsky MS. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species. Evidence boundary: A review of mitochondrial reactive oxygen, normal signaling and cellular antioxidant defenses.↩
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Kayla Hyland; Rania Gollakner. Antioxidants. Evidence boundary: Veterinary guidance on antioxidant preparations, individual suitability and medication considerations.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Rachel S Fletcher, Joanna Ratajczak, Craig L Doig, Lucy A Oakey, Rebecca Callingham, Gabriella Da Silva Xavier, Antje Garten, Yasir S Elhassan, Philip Redpath, Marie E Migaud, Andrew Philp, Charles Brenner, Carles Canto, Gareth G Lavery. Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Evidence boundary: Mouse muscle-cell research describing NR metabolism and NAD+ synthesis.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Reactome. Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to CoQH2. Evidence boundary: A curated pathway describing mitochondrial electron transfer from NADH to CoQ.↩
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NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Riboflavin: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Evidence boundary: NIH information on riboflavin, FMN/FAD and their enzyme-cofactor roles.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Reactome. Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species. Evidence boundary: Curated pathways describing reactive-oxygen handling and glutathione-dependent reactions.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Reactome. glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+. Evidence boundary: The glutathione-reductase reaction, in which NADPH powers recycling of oxidized glutathione.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir® Longevity System: serving and purchase options. Evidence boundary: Current manufacturer adult portions and directions for mixing with food.↩
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La Petite Labs. Publicly verified lab results and COA Lookup. Evidence boundary: Manufacturer information on facility standards, contaminant testing and batch-report access.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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