The 12 Hallmarks of Aging in Dogs, Explained
Read full insightAntioxidant Supplements for Cats
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17 science-backed actives
Contents
References
Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.
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Cornell Feline Health Center. Feeding Your Cat. Evidence boundary: Institutional guidance on complete feeding and feline nutritional needs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Cranimals. Cranimals Very Berry Antioxidant Pet Supplement 120 G/4.2 Oz Bag. Evidence boundary: Manufacturer description used for ingredient composition.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Jewell DE, Motsinger LA, Paetau-Robinson I. Effect of dietary antioxidants on free radical damage in dogs and cats. Evidence boundary: Complete-food experiment in healthy cats and dogs; laboratory endpoints, not a finished-supplement trial.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Reactome. glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+. Evidence boundary: Curated molecular reaction explaining NADPH-dependent glutathione recycling.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Riboflavin: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Evidence boundary: Normal riboflavin-cofactor biology; human intake recommendations are not transferred to cats.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Rachel S Fletcher, Joanna Ratajczak, Craig L Doig, Lucy A Oakey, Rebecca Callingham, Gabriella Da Silva Xavier, Antje Garten, Yasir S Elhassan, Philip Redpath, Marie E Migaud, Andrew Philp, Charles Brenner, Carles Canto, Gareth G Lavery. Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Evidence boundary: Mouse-muscle and cell research used to explain normal NAD precursor pathways.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Reactome. Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to CoQH2. Evidence boundary: Curated molecular pathway explaining electron transfer from NADH to CoQ.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Park JS, Kim HW, Mathison BD, Hayek MG, Massimino S, Reinhart GA, Chew BP. Astaxanthin uptake in domestic dogs and cats. Evidence boundary: Feline oral uptake experiment, not a trial of inflammatory bowel disease treatment or Hollywood Elixir.↩
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Candellone A, Badino P, Gianella P, Girolami F, Raviri G, Saettone V, Meineri G. Evaluation of Antioxidant Supplementation on Redox Unbalance in Hyperthyroid Cats Treated with Methimazole: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence boundary: Specific antioxidant paste during methimazole treatment; 2020 issue, published online in December 2019.↩
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Cupp CJ, Kerr WW, Jean-Philippe C, Patil AR, Perez-Camargo G. The Role of Nutritional Interventions in the Longevity and Maintenance of Long-Term Health in Aging Cats. Evidence boundary: Long-term complete-food comparison; the antioxidant-only arm did not show a significant survival advantage.↩
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La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir® Longevity System: serving and purchase options. Evidence boundary: Current manufacturer serving directions and adult/senior product positioning.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4
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La Petite Labs. Publicly verified lab results and COA Lookup. Evidence boundary: Manufacturer quality information and public batch-document lookup.↩
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Sherry Lynn Sanderson. Nutritional Requirements of Small Animals. Evidence boundary: Veterinary guidance on food energy and nutrient functions.↩
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