Antioxidant Foods for Dogs

References

Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.

1. [1]
   Milgram NW, Head E, Zicker SC, Ikeda-Douglas CJ, Murphey H, Muggenburg B, Siwak C, Tapp D, Cotman CW. Learning ability in aged beagle dogs is preserved by behavioral enrichment and dietary fortification: a two-year longitudinal study. 2005· DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.02.014Evidence boundary: A complete fortified diet and enrichment program, not proof that one berry, extract or retail blend prevents dementia.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5
2. [2]
   Dunlap KL, Reynolds AJ, Duffy LK. Total antioxidant power in sled dogs supplemented with blueberries and the comparison of blood parameters associated with exercise. 2006· DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.09.007Evidence boundary: A blood antioxidant result in exercising sled dogs is distinct from demonstrated prevention of disease or longer life.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5
3. [3]
   VCA Animal Hospitals. Treats to skip and treats to share with your pet. Evidence boundary: General treat guidance must be adjusted for the individual dog and any prescribed diet.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6
4. [4]
   US Food and Drug Administration. Potentially Dangerous Items for Your Pet. Evidence boundary: A food-safety list, not evidence that every plant food or concentrated extract is appropriate.↩
5. [5]
   U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Complete and Balanced” Pet Food. Accessed 2026Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Explains what a “complete and balanced” statement means on pet food. A single protein ingredient or supplement does not provide the same assurance of nutritional completeness.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
6. [6]
   La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir: current supplement facts. 2026Species/context: Manufacturer ingredient label for dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Current Hollywood Elixir ingredient quantities per standard 2.5 g sachet, including niacin, NR, CoQ10, glutathione, reishi and yeast beta-glucans.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6 · ↩ 7
7. [7]
   La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir detailed ingredient list. 2026Species/context: Cats and dogsEvidence boundary: The current guide identifies ingredient preparations and their roles in Hollywood Elixir. These specifications describe the formula; they are not a clinical trial of the combination.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6 · ↩ 7 · ↩ 8
8. [8]
   Rachel S. Fletcher, Joanna Ratajczak, Craig L. Doig, Lucy A. Oakey, Rebecca Callingham, Gabriella Da Silva Xavier, Antje Garten, Yasir S. Elhassan, Philip Redpath, Marie E. Migaud, Andrew Philp, Charles Brenner, Carles Canto, Gareth G. Lavery. Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. 2017Species/context: Mouse skeletal-muscle cells and miceEvidence boundary: This research explains how NR and NMN contribute to NAD+ synthesis in mouse muscle cells. It does not compare the clinical effects of oral NMN and NR in dogs.↩
9. [9]
   Reactome. Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to CoQH2. Accessed 2026Species/context: Conserved cellular pathway; human curated record with canine orthologueEvidence boundary: This reaction describes the transfer of electrons from NADH through mitochondrial complex I to CoQ. It explains a connection in normal energy metabolism.↩
10. [10]
    Reactome. GPX1 tetramer reduces H2O2 to H2O. Accessed 2026Species/context: Conserved cellular pathwayEvidence boundary: This reaction explains how an enzyme uses reduced glutathione to convert hydrogen peroxide to water.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
11. [11]
    VCA Animal Hospitals / Canadian Academy of Veterinary Nutrition. Vegetarian Diets for Dogs. 2026Evidence boundary: Includes comparison amounts and calories for fruits and vegetables, with a general ceiling for the total treat allowance. Individual dietary plans can differ.↩ 1 · ↩ 2