The 12 Hallmarks of Aging in Dogs, Explained
Read full insightMitochondrial Support for Dogs
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Contents
References
Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.
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Sherry Lynn Sanderson. Nutritional Requirements of Small Animals. Evidence boundary: Veterinary guidance on food energy and nutrient functions.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4
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Rachel S Fletcher, Joanna Ratajczak, Craig L Doig, Lucy A Oakey, Rebecca Callingham, Gabriella Da Silva Xavier, Antje Garten, Yasir S Elhassan, Philip Redpath, Marie E Migaud, Andrew Philp, Charles Brenner, Carles Canto, Gareth G Lavery. Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Evidence boundary: Mouse-muscle and cell research used for normal NAD precursor biology.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
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Reactome. Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to CoQH2. Evidence boundary: Curated pathway identifying electron transfer from NADH through complex I to CoQ.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Riboflavin: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Evidence boundary: Riboflavin-cofactor biology; human intake recommendations are not transferred to dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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Reactome. glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+. Evidence boundary: Curated pathway explaining NADPH-dependent glutathione recycling.↩
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J S Park, B D Mathison, M G Hayek, J Zhang, G A Reinhart, B P Chew. Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs. Evidence boundary: Healthy Beagle experiment measuring blood-cell mitochondrial function; a different preparation and dose from HE.↩
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Elizabeth Head, V N Nukala, K A Fenoglio, B A Muggenburg, C W Cotman, P G Sullivan. Effects of age, dietary, and behavioral enrichment on brain mitochondria in a canine model of human aging. Evidence boundary: Long-term enriched complete-food experiment with isolated brain mitochondrial measurements.↩
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Liselotte B Christiansen, Malene K Morsing, Maria Josefine Reimann, Torben Martinussen, Zita Birlie, Anne Marie V Schou-Pedersen, Jens Lykkesfeldt, Lisbeth H Olsen. Pharmacokinetics of Repeated Oral Dosing with Coenzyme Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Evidence boundary: CoQ10 absorption trial in dogs with mitral valve disease; owner-rated quality of life did not significantly improve.↩
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Natalia Druzhaeva, Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič, Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher, Janja Babič, Alenka Nemec Svete. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Evidence boundary: Controlled CoQ10 concentration study during conventional cardiac treatment.↩
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American Animal Hospital Association. Nutrition — 2023 AAHA Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. Evidence boundary: Senior-care guidance on individual nutritional assessment and body and muscle condition.↩
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La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir® Longevity System: serving and purchase options. Evidence boundary: Current manufacturer serving directions and adult/senior product positioning.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
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La Petite Labs. Publicly verified lab results and COA Lookup. Evidence boundary: Manufacturer quality information and public batch-document lookup.↩
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