Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) for Dogs

References

Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.

1. [1]
   NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Riboflavin: Health Professional Fact Sheet. Evidence boundary: Normal vitamin chemistry and human dietary guidance; human dose and diagnostic cutoffs do not apply to dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6 · ↩ 7 · ↩ 8 · ↩ 9 · ↩ 10 · ↩ 11 · ↩ 12
2. [2]
   Reactome. Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors. Accessed 2026Species/context: Conserved mammalian chemistry; human curated pathwaysEvidence boundary: These pathways explain the distinct coenzyme roles of B vitamins in normal metabolism; they are not trials of supplement benefit in dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6
3. [3]
   FEDIAF. Nutritional Guidelines for Cats and Dogs. 2025Evidence boundary: Complete-food formulation guidance, not a supplementary vitamin dose.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
4. [4]
   La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir: current supplement facts. 2026Species/context: Manufacturer ingredient label for dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Current Hollywood Elixir ingredient quantities per standard 2.5 g sachet, including niacin, NR, CoQ10, glutathione, reishi and yeast beta-glucans.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6 · ↩ 7 · ↩ 8
5. [5]
   La Petite Labs. Hollywood Elixir detailed ingredient list. 2026Species/context: Cats and dogsEvidence boundary: The current guide identifies ingredient preparations and their roles in Hollywood Elixir. These specifications describe the formula; they are not a clinical trial of the combination.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6 · ↩ 7 · ↩ 8
6. [6]
   Reactome. Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to CoQH2. Accessed 2026Species/context: Conserved cellular pathway; human curated record with canine orthologueEvidence boundary: This reaction describes the transfer of electrons from NADH through mitochondrial complex I to CoQ. It explains a connection in normal energy metabolism.↩
7. [7]
   Reactome. GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+. Accessed 2026Species/context: Conserved cellular pathway; human curated record with canine orthologueEvidence boundary: Glutathione reductase uses NADPH to regenerate reduced glutathione. NADPH is distinct from the NADH used in mitochondrial energy transfer.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
8. [8]
   Rachel S. Fletcher, Joanna Ratajczak, Craig L. Doig, Lucy A. Oakey, Rebecca Callingham, Gabriella Da Silva Xavier, Antje Garten, Yasir S. Elhassan, Philip Redpath, Marie E. Migaud, Andrew Philp, Charles Brenner, Carles Canto, Gareth G. Lavery. Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. 2017Species/context: Mouse skeletal-muscle cells and miceEvidence boundary: This research explains how NR and NMN contribute to NAD+ synthesis in mouse muscle cells. It does not compare the clinical effects of oral NMN and NR in dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
9. [9]
   Tran JL, Horvath C, Krammer S, Höller U, Zentek J. Blood vitamin concentrations in privately owned dogs fed non-standardized commercial diets and after intake of diets with specified vitamin concentrations. 2007· DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00639.xEvidence boundary: A multi-vitamin dietary study in healthy dogs; blood changes did not mean coat improvement and do not isolate a B2-only treatment.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4
10. [10]
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Complete and Balanced” Pet Food. Accessed 2026Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Explains what a “complete and balanced” statement means on pet food. A single protein ingredient or supplement does not provide the same assurance of nutritional completeness.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
11. [11]
    Reactome. GSR-2:FAD dimer. Evidence boundary: Identifies FAD as part of glutathione reductase. This is normal enzyme chemistry, rather than a trial of a supplement in dogs.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4