References

Numbered references identify the sources used for specific claims. Read the study design, species and evidence boundaries alongside each finding.

1. [1]
   Melanie Simpson et al. Hyaluronan — Essentials of Glycobiology, 4th edition. 2022· DOI 10.1101/glycobiology.4e.16Species/context: Animal biochemistryEvidence boundary: Textbook chemistry explains HA’s sugar-chain structure, synthesis and physical properties in joint fluid. These are normal biological functions, not oral treatment findings.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5
2. [2]
   Claudio Iván Serra Aguado et al. Effects of Oral Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Dogs Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Surgery for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury. 2021· DOI 10.3390/ani11051264Species/context: Postoperative dogsEvidence boundary: Postoperative dogs received a specified HA extract or placebo. Clinical improvement did not differ between groups. Bioiberica funded the trial and supplied the intervention.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5 · ↩ 6
3. [3]
   Guillaume R Ragetly et al. Efficacy of a joint supplement containing eggshell membrane among other ingredients to improve the mobility of dogs with osteoarthritis: a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. 2025· DOI 10.3389/fvets.2025.1561793Species/context: Dogs with osteoarthritisEvidence boundary: A manufacturer-funded blend trial improved some owner pain scores. Starting scores were imbalanced; HA’s contribution was not isolated.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3 · ↩ 4 · ↩ 5
4. [4]
   Reactome. Hyaluronan metabolism. n.d.Species/context: Curated human pathwayEvidence boundary: A curated human pathway describes HA in extracellular matrices and skin. It supplies biological context rather than canine supplementation results.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
5. [5]
   La Petite Labs. Pet Gala: Supplement Panel and Daily Directions. n.d.Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Manufacturer panel and daily directions for the complete Pet Gala powder.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
6. [6]
   La Petite Labs. Pet Gala Ingredients: Skin, Coat, and Beauty Actives. n.d.Species/context: Product specificationEvidence boundary: The active guide lists HA and its amount but does not specify source, salt form or molecular weight.↩
7. [7]
   U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Complete and Balanced” Pet Food. 2020Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: FDA explains complete-and-balanced food labels and the distinction between a sole diet and supplementary products.↩
8. [8]
   Simón Martí-Angulo et al. Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of elbow dysplasia. 2014· DOI 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.4.569Species/context: Growing Labrador retrieversEvidence boundary: Growing Labradors received a five-ingredient blend. Some later clinical scores favored supplementation; inconsistent dysplasia counts limit precise prevention claims. This was not isolated HA.↩
9. [9]
   Lajos Balogh et al. Absorption, Uptake and Tissue Affinity of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan after Oral Administration in Rats and Dogs. 2008· DOI 10.1021/jf8017029Species/context: Dogs and ratsEvidence boundary: Dog tracer observations and rat tissue experiments tracked radiolabel with unresolved molecular identity. Industry-funded work did not establish intact HA delivery or clinical benefit.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
10. [10]
    American Animal Hospital Association. Pharmacological Agents in the Treatment of Chronic Pain —2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines. 2022Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: AAHA distinguishes local joint injections from other pain treatments and describes small HA studies with mixed findings. No oral-dose recommendation follows.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
11. [11]
    Kristina M. Gronkiewicz et al. Effects of topical hyaluronic acid on corneal wound healing in dogs: a pilot study. 2017· DOI 10.1111/vop.12379Species/context: Dogs; topical eye treatmentEvidence boundary: Three dogs per arm received eye preparations after experimental corneal wounds. No extra healing benefit was detected. This was topical treatment, not oral supplementation.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
12. [12]
    Karen A. Moriello. The Integumentary System in Animals. 2025Species/context: Veterinary skin anatomyEvidence boundary: Veterinary anatomy distinguishes the outer keratin/lipid barrier, collagen-containing dermis and skin appendages. It does not test a nutritional formula.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
13. [13]
    Iva Dolečková et al. Oral sodium hyaluronate improves skin hydration, barrier function and signs of aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 150 healthy adults. 2026· DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-32758-5Species/context: Human adultsEvidence boundary: This human sodium-hyaluronate trial found favorable hydration and water-loss outcomes. Contipro funded it. The results do not establish dog coat benefits or Pet Gala efficacy.↩ 1 · ↩ 2 · ↩ 3
14. [14]
    ASPCA Animal Poison Control. People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets. n.d.Species/context: PetsEvidence boundary: ASPCA identifies xylitol as hazardous to dogs and explains how to respond to suspected ingredient exposure. The whole product matters.↩
15. [15]
    VCA Animal Hospitals Urgent Care. Diarrhea or Vomiting. n.d.Species/context: PetsEvidence boundary: VCA describes when vomiting, diarrhea, appetite loss or severe illness calls for veterinary assessment; it does not establish HA-specific adverse effects.↩
16. [16]
    Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston. Cutaneous Food Allergy in Animals. 2025Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: Merck explains how supplements, treats and flavored medicines can interfere with a diagnostic elimination diet.↩ 1 · ↩ 2
17. [17]
    American Animal Hospital Association. Nonpharmacologic Modalities for Pain Management —2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines. 2022Species/context: Dogs and catsEvidence boundary: AAHA places weight, activity, rehabilitation and environmental adjustments alongside medical pain care.↩